Njengoko amaza oShishino 4.0 kunye nemveliso ekrelekrele itshayela iglobhu, iinkqubo zolawulo lwentshukumo, njengeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo edibanisa oomatshini, i-electronics, kunye netekhnoloji yolwazi, ilungisa ubuso boshishino lwanamhlanje ngobunzulu obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili. Ukusuka kwiintloko zokubeka iitshiphu ezinemicron{2}}inqanaba lokumiswa kwesixhobo sokupakisha se-elektroniki esichanekileyo ukuya kwiirobhothi eziguquguqukayo ze-welding ezikwazi ukukhupha izithuthi ezintandathu ezipheleleyo ngomzuzu kwimigca emitsha yokuvelisa isithuthi samandla; ukusuka ezintlanu -kwi-axis CNC izixhobo zoomatshini ngokuchaneka ngaphantsi kwe-0.01 mm kwi-high-i-speed train bogie machining ukuya kwi-automated guided vehicles (AGVs) esebenza 24/7 kumaziko olungiselelo kunye nogcino{8}}ezi zibonakala zingafaniyo zolawulo lwemeko yolawulo lwemeko: zonke iinkqubo zolawulo lwesiseko. Iisistim zolawulo lwentshukumo ayilo "nerve center" kuphela{10}}yezixhobo eziphezulu kodwa zikwangumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokhuphiswano lwelizwe.
Imvelaphi yoShishino: iNdlela yeNguqulelo ukusuka kuThutho loomatshini ukuya kwiNtsebenziswano yobukrelekrele
Ingundoqo yenkqubo yokulawula intshukumo kukulawula ngokuchanekileyo isantya, indawo, okanye i-torque ye-actuator (ezifana neenjini kunye neesilinda ze-hydraulic) ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwezinto ezilawulwayo kunye ne-trajectory enqunywe kwangaphambili okanye iphethini. Imbali yophuhliso lwayo yimbali efinyeziweyo yoguqulo lobuchwepheshe bemizi-mveliso: Phambi kweminyaka yee-1950, iikhamera zoomatshini kunye neendlela ze-hydraulic servo yayizezona ziphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yoqhagamshelo oluqinileyo kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo ngesandla, iisistim zacotha ukuphendula kwaye zinochaneko oluphantsi, zihlangabezana kuphela neemfuno zezicelo ezilula ezifana noomatshini belaphu kunye noomatshini bokushicilela. Kwiminyaka yoo-1960 kunye no-1970, ngokuvela kweemoto ze-DC servo kunye nabalawuli beesekethe ze-analog, ulawulo lwentshukumo lwaqala ukutshintshela ekufakeni umbane, kunye nokuvela kwezixhobo zoomatshini abalawulwa ngamanani (CNC) ngakumbi ukukhuthaza ukungena kwayo kwimveliso echanekileyo. Emva kweminyaka yoo-1980, impumelelo kwitekhnoloji ye-AC servo kunye nokuthandwa kwee-microprocessors (ezifana nee-PLCs kunye nee-DSPs) zaguqula ulawulo lwentshukumo ukusuka "kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo" ukuya "kwiqonga lenjongo{8} jikelele," kunye nolwahlulo lwabasebenzi kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabalawuli beengqiqo ezicwangcisiweyo (PLCs) kunye nezilawuli eziguqukayo ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngenkulungwane ye-21, ukudityaniswa okunzulu konxibelelwano lwedijithali (njenge-EtherCAT kunye ne-PROFINET), i-sensor fusion (i-encoders + umbono + i-force sensing), kunye ne-artificial intelligence algorithms yavelisa isizukulwana esitsha seenkqubo zokulawula intshukumo ezikrelekrele. Ezi azilungelelanisi kuphela iiparamitha ngexesha lokwenyani ukumelana neemeko zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo, kodwa zifikelela kwintsebenziswano{14}}yesixhobo esinqamlezileyo nge-Intanethi yezoShishino, ibe ngundoqo ovumela ubuchwephesha bokwenza ubukrelekrele.
Imakethi yolawulo lwentshukumo yehlabathi ngoku inokhuphiswano lomhlaba olwahlukileyo. Iinkampani zaseYurophu (ezifana ne-Siemens kunye ne-Bosch Rexroth), zisebenzise ubuchule bazo obunzulu kwi-mechatronics, zilawula{1}}isiphelo se-CNC esiphezulu kunye{2}}nezixhobo zokusebenza ezinzima. Abavelisi baseJapan (abanje ngeYaskawa kunye nePanasonic), abadumileyo ngokuthembeka kwabo okuphezulu kunye ne-miniaturization, bagqwesa kubathengi be-elektroniki kunye namacandelo erobhothi. Iinkampani zaseMelika (ezifana neRockwell kunye neKollmorgen) zijolise ekusikeni{5}}izicelo ezisecaleni ezifana ne-semiconductors kunye ne-aerospace, igxininisa amandla olawulo oluchanekileyo{6}. I-China, imarike enkulu yemveliso yehlabathi, izuze indawo yasekhaya kwii-servos ngokubanzi, phakathi - kunye ne-{9}}isiphelo se-PLCs, kunye nehlabathi eliphuhlileyo{10}}izisombululo ezikhokelayo kumashishini asakhasayo afana ne-photovoltaics kunye neebhetri ze-lithium ngokusebenzisa isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo (ezifana ne "Made in China 2025") kunye ne-brand efana nokunyuka kweTekhnoloji yendawo Estun).
Ukubaluleka koShishino: -Ixabiso eliDimensional eliXhasa uPhakamileyo{1}}uPhuhliso loMgangatho
Ukubaluleka kobuchule beenkqubo zolawulo lwentshukumo kudlulela ngaphaya kweempumelelo zobugcisa. Ikwalele ekuxhobiseni kwabo ngokubanzi ukuphuculwa kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso, ukuphuculwa kobuchule bemveliso, kunye nokudalwa kwexabiso lentlalontle.
Okokuqala, imele impumelelo ekujonganeni nemiqobo ekuphuhliseni{0}}izixhobo eziphezulu. Kwisixhobo sokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor, inqanaba le-wafer lomatshini we-lithography kufuneka lihambe amashumi eesentimitha ngomzuzwana kunye ne-nanometer{2}}echanekileyo kwinqanaba. I-algorithms yokulawula intshukumo kunye nenxalenye engundoqo (ezifana neenjini eziziimigca kunye{4}}nezikhowudi eziphezulu zesisombululo) zimisela ngokuthe ngqo umda ophezulu wenkqubo yokwenziwa kwetshiphu. Kusetyenzwa kweblade ye-injini yenqwelomoya, impazamo yolawulo lwesixhobo somatshini ohamba{6}}ohamba phambili kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-0.005 mm, kungenjalo ukusebenza kwe-aerodynamic kweblade kuya kusilela. Ngaphambili, olu hlobo lolawulo{9}}lobuchwephesha bolawulo oluphezulu belujongwe ixesha elide ngamazwe angaphandle, luthintela uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso efana neenqwelomoya ezinkulu kunye{10}}nezixhobo zonyango zonyango eziphelayo kwilizwe lam. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, impumelelo eyenziwe ngabavelisi basekhaya kwiindawo eziphambili ezifana ne-servo drives kunye{12}}neenkqubo zokusebenza zexesha lokwenyani (RTOS) azinciphisanga nje iindleko zesixhobo (ngamaxabiso ezinye iimveliso zehla ngaphezulu kwe-40%) kodwa zikwaqinisekise ukhuseleko lwekhonkco loshishino.
Okwesibini, isebenza "njengebhulorho ye-neural" yenguqu kwimveliso ekrelekrele. Kwi-Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) ulwakhiwo, inkqubo yokulawula intshukumo idlala indima engundoqo "kumaleko wophumezo"{1}}ifumana imiyalelo yemveliso evela kwi-MES (iNkqubo yokuSebenza yoMveliso), ibolisa imisebenzi kwiintshukumo ezithile zeemoto isebenzisa yokwenene{2}}i-algorithms yokulawula ixesha, kwaye yenza i-looploop evaliweyo{3} Umzekelo, kwimigca yokuvelisa iimoto eziguquguqukayo, inkqubo yokulawula intshukumo ekrelekrele inokulungelelanisa ngaxeshanye inqwaba yeerobhothi ukugqiba ukuwelda kunye nokupeyinta imisebenzi yeemodeli ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi, ukunciphisa ixesha lokutshintsha ukusuka kwiiyure ezine zesiqhelo ukuya kwimizuzu eyi-10. Kwindibano ye-elektroniki ye-3C, umbono{8}}ulawulo lwentshukumo olukhokelwayo lwenza ukuba oomatshini bokubekwa kwetshiphu bagqibezele ukubeka indawo kunye nokubekwa ngemizuzwana eyi-0.1, ukonyusa izinga lesivuno ukuya kuma-99.99%. Le ntsebenziswano isebenzayo "{12}}yesigqibo{13}}uphumezo" luphawu olubalulekileyo olwahlula ukwenziwa ngobukrelekrele kwi-automation yemveli.
Okwesithathu, isebenza njenge "injini esebenzayo" kuphuhliso oluluhlaza kunye{0}nekhabhoni ephantsi. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo amandla aphumayo emoto kunye nendlela yokuhambahamba, iinkqubo ezishukumayo zinokuyinciphisa kakhulu inkcitho yamandla. Umzekelo, ukutshintsha iimotor ze-asynchronous zemveli kunye ne-servo drives koomatshini belaphu kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-30%. Kwiinkqubo zokuhlela izinto, i-AGV yokucwangcisa i-algorithms esekwe kwindlela yokwenza ngcono inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwe-25%. Ngaphaya koko, ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwephesha bolawulo olushukumayo kukwakhuthaze uyilo olukhaphukhaphu{7}}iinjini ezincinci kunye nokukhawuleziswa kwesantya kunye namaxesha okunciphisa athetha ukusetyenziswa okuncinci kwezinto kunye nokuhlala kwendawo, okuhambelana kakhulu neemfuno zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweenjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini".
Okwesine, isebenza njengendawo yokuvavanya ukuhlangana kobuchwepheshe kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha. Ukuntsokotha kweenkqubo zolawulo lwentshukumo kuzenza zibe yeyona meko ifanelekileyo yosetyenziso lokusika-ubuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, imathiriyeli entsha, kunye nokuziva komthamo. I-algorithms yokufunda nzulu ingasetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kwangaphambili, ukuchonga ukusilela kwangaphambili ngokuhlalutya idatha ye-vibration kunye nobushushu. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-silicon carbide (SiC) izixhobo zamandla zonyuse isantya sokuphendula se-servo drives ngamaxesha e-10. I-Quantum gyroscopes ilindeleke ukuba ibonelele phezulu{6}}umlinganiselo wesimo sengqondo esichanekileyo kulawulo lwentshukumo ye-aerospace. Le ndlela yokujongana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ayigcini nje ukwandisa imida yetekhnoloji yolawulo lwentshukumo kodwa ikwakhuthaza amashishini asakhulayo afana neerobhothi zenkonzo kunye neerobhothi zotyando lwezonyango.
Ukuqukumbela: Iingoma eziphambili zekamva
Ukususela ekuhanjisweni komatshini kwixesha le-steam ukuya kwintsebenziswano ehlakaniphile kwi-digital age, ukuguquka kweenkqubo zokulawula ukunyakaza kuye kwahlala kuhambelana nokufuna kwabantu "ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo." Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokuqina kokhuphiswano lwemveliso yehlabathi kunye nemfuno engxamisekileyo yokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso yasekhaya, iinkqubo zolawulo lwentshukumo ayiyonto ingundoqo kuphela ekusombululeni ingxaki "yokuthembela kwizinto ezithengwa ngaphandle{1}}zezixhobo zokugqibela," kodwa zikwayinjini ebalulekileyo yokulima{2}umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokukhuthaza{3}uphuhliso oluphezulu loqoqosho lokwenene. Kubasebenzi, oku kuveza yomibini imiceli mngeni yobugcisa (efana nokuphucula{5}}i-axis elungelelanisiweyo yolawulo lwe-algorithms kunye nokuphumeza i-edge intelligence) kunye namathuba amakhulu okuvelisa izinto ezintsha (ezifana nolawulo oludibeneyo lwerobhothi ye-humanoid kunye nokucwangciswa kwentshukumo ye-microgravity kwisixhobo sendawo). Kwisizwe, utyalo-mali oluzinzileyo kuphando lwethiyori olusisiseko (olufana nethiyori yolawulo olungenamda), amacandelo angundoqo (afana{7}}njengeekhowudi ezichanekileyo kunye neemodyuli zamandla), kunye nenkqubo yendalo yoshishino (efana nokumisela umgangatho kunye nophuhliso lwetalente) kubalulekile ukubamba inyathelo kolu gqatso luxhomekeke kukhuphiswano lwexesha elizayo.
Ngophuhliso olomeleleyo lwamashishini asakhasayo afana nemveliso yobukrelekrele, amandla amatsha, kunye ne-biomedicine, iinkqubo zokulawula intshukumo azisayi kuba semva{0}-kwabadlali bemiboniso. Endaweni yoko, baya kuba bubuchwephesha obuchazayo bexesha elizayo lemizi-mveliso, banikezela ngobukrelekrele obukhulu, ukuguquguquka, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo.
